What does "underwriting" mean in the insurance industry?

In the insurance industry, underwriting refers to the process of evaluating risk and determining the terms and pricing of insurance policies. This is a critical function, as it involves a thorough analysis of the applicant’s risk profile, which includes assessing various factors such as health history, lifestyle, property characteristics, and other relevant details. By doing so, underwriters can make informed decisions about whether to accept the risk and under what conditions.

The term encompasses setting the appropriate premium rates based on the level of risk and may also involve deciding exclusions or limitations within the policy. This ensures that the insurance company can adequately cover the expected claims while maintaining financial stability. Ultimately, effective underwriting helps to safeguard the insurer's interests and ensures that policyholders receive fair and appropriate coverage based on their individual circumstances.